The major challenge of the twenty-first century will be to make the transition to sustainable prosperity both presently developed and low income countries. This paper analyses sustainability of Indian agriculture in the context of three alternative definitions of sustainability –ecological issues, technical and economic terms, and community values- emphasizing the dryland farming. The Punjab agriculture is that it is highly productive, continues to have vast potential for growth, which might have been true during early days of green revolution, is reported to have approached a plateau and farm incomes are reported to be stagnant and insufficient for a decent living (Chand2000).In fact inequality breeds further inequality, hence the existing modernization measures are desirable for agricultural growth but inadequate for the removal of social inequality (Mohanty1999). Low productivity and inability to absorb the growing labour force make the agricultural sector in India, witness to a pervasive process of marginalisation of rural people (Rao and Hanumappa, 1999). The agricultural sector has been hit by the economic boom. Over one lakh farmers committed suicide in India between1993 and 2003, and suicides continue unabated even now (Yojana, 2006). The shortage of wheat and rice in government stocks make India plans during 2006 to purchase millets, ragi, bajra and jowar for use in the public distribution system. The challenge of maintaining the balance between human members and the capacity to produce food is increasing in our country day by day. The wheat production declined to70mt in 2006 from 76.7mt in 1999-2000. Irrigated farming is for ‘survival’ while dryland farming is for ‘equity’, as majority of Indian farmers in dryland areas are small and marginal farmers. Development of dryland farming in India is only the suitable way to the sustainability of agriculture for food security which includes livelihood security and nutritional security in the coming decades.